Tephritidae, a family of large, colorfully marked flies including agricultural pests
- Drosophilidae, a family of smaller flies, including:
- Drosophila, the genus of small fruit flies and vinegar flies
- Drosophila melanogaster, often called the common fruit fly, which is an important model organism in modern biology
- Drosophila suzukii, often called the Asian fruit fly, native to southeast Asia and an invasive species in North America
- Fruit fly (film), 2009 film directed by H. P. Mendoza
- LGBT slang with a meaning similar to fag hag
